Tuesday
Music Quiz
Wednesday
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people to the Americas. European slave ships regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage. Europeans established a coastal slave trade in the 15th century, and trade to the Americas began in the 16th century, lasting through the 19th century.
British involvement in the transatlantic slave trade began in 1562, and by the 1730s Britain was the world's biggest slave-trading nation. The triangular route from Europe to Africa, to the Americas and back to Europe was highly lucrative.
In late August, 1619, 20-30 enslaved Africans landed at Point Comfort, today's Fort Monroe in Hampton, Va., aboard the English privateer ship White Lion. In Virginia, these Africans were traded in exchange for supplies.
Those first "20 and odd" Africans who landed at Point Comfort marked the beginning of 246 years--almost two and a half centuries--of slavery in the United States.
Ultimately, what led to the American Civil War (1861 - 1865) - the bloodiest conflict in the history of North America were the differences in the North and South's views toward slavery. A common explanation is that the Civil War was fought over the moral issue of slavery. However, it was also the economics of slavery and political control of that system that was central to the conflict.
Different views on the morality and necessity of slavery; Northerners saw it as an outdated institution that hindered economic progress, while Southerners viewed it as essential for their agricultural economy and way of life.
Before the American Civil War, eight serving presidents had owned slaves, almost four million black people remained enslaved in the South, generally only white men with property could vote, and U.S. citizenship was limited to whites. Following the Civil War, three constitutional amendments were passed, including the 13th Amendment (1865) that ended slavery.
However, the discrimination againt African-American people did not end.
The civil rights movement was a social movement in the United States from 1954 to 1968, which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination in the country, which mostly affected African Americans.
The Americas 1960s
1962 was the year the Beatles, Bob Dylan and the Beach Boys released their first records. 1962 was the year of the first Wal-Mart and the first K-Mart. It was the year the Rolling Stones played their first shows, that Andy Warhol painted his Campbell's Soup can, and that Johnny Carson took over "The Tonight Show."
However, in the 1960s the statistics were grim for black Americans. Their average life-span was seven years less than white Americans'. Their children had only half the chance of completing high school, only a third the chance of completing college, and a third the chance of entering a profession when they grew up.
Rosa Parks (1913 – 2005) was an American civil rights activist. She is best known for her refusal to move from her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in defiance of Jim Crow racial segregation laws, in 1955, which sparked the Montgomery bus boycott. She is sometimes known as the "mother of the civil rights movement".
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American civil rights activist and Baptist minister who was a leader of the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. He advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through the use of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws and other forms of legalized discrimination, which most commonly affected African Americans.
I have a dream... speech in Washington 1963
1962 in Oxford, Mississippi, James H. Meredith, an African American student, civil rights activist, later writer, political adviser, and United States Air Force veteran became the first African-American student admitted to the racially segregated University of Mississippi after the intervention of the federal government (an event that was a flashpoint in the civil rights movement). Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. Meredith was escorted onto the University of Mississippi campus by U.S Marshals, setting off a deadly riot. Two men were killed before the violence was quelled by more than 3,000 federal soldiers.
After years of nonviolent protests and civil disobedience campaigns, the civil rights movement achieved many of its legislative goals in the 1960s, during which it secured new protections in federal law for the civil rights of all Americans, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
2009 - the 44th President of the USA
The Green Book - film starring Danish Viggo Mortenssen
The film is inspired by the true story of a 1962 tour of the Deep South by African-American pianist Don Shirley and Italian-American bouncer and later actor Frank "Tony Lip" Vallelonga, who served as Shirley's driver and bodyguard.
It is named after The Negro Motorist Green Book, a guide book for African-American travelers founded by Victor Hugo Green in 1936 and published until 1966. There were only a limited amount of hotels, restaurants, bars, stores available for African-Americans.
His first edition had data for facilities only in the New York metropolitan area. In his introduction, Green wrote:
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